Résumé
Se analiza el uso del concepto de capacidades estatales en la literatura politológica contemporánea, destacando las limitaciones intrínsecas a ese concepto para dar cuenta de la complejidad del fenómeno estatal. Se hace notar el carácter sectorial y funcional de las mediciones convencionales de las capacidades estatales y su incapacidad para explicar las prácticas reales del Estado, y por tanto, del carácter sesgado de las mediciones comparativas hoy en boga, disponibles en múltiples índices internacionales. Se propone el concepto de “ordenes estatales mixtos”, inspirado en la vertiente institucionalista de North, para analizar las relaciones sociales complejas, conflictivas y multinivel, con expresiones propias y diferenciadas en el tiempo y en el espacio, que constituyen la trama profunda del Estado.
Palabras clave: Capacidades estatales, Estatalidad, Estado, Órdenes estatales, Sociología política
State capacities in mixed orders
Abstract
The use in contemporary political science of the concept of state capacities is analyzed, highlighting the intrinsic limitations of that concept to account for the complexity of the state phenomenon. We stress the sectoral and functional character of the conventional measurements of state capacities and their inability to explain the real practices of the State, and therefore, the biased nature of the comparative measurements now in vogue, available in multiple international indices. The concept of "mixed state orders" is proposed, inspired in North’s institutionalist perspective, to analyze complex, conflictive and multilevel social relations, with their own and differentiated expressions in time and space, which constitute the deep structure of the State.
Keywords: State capacities, Stateness, State, State orders, Political sociology
Capacités de l’État en ordres mixtes
Résumé
On analyse l’utilisation du concept de capacités de l’État dans la littérature politologique contemporaine, en mettant l’accent sur les limitations intrinsèques à ce concept pour rendre compte de la complexité du phénomène de l’État. On attire l’attention sur le caractère sectoriel et fonctionnel des méditions conventionnelles des capacités de l’État et leur incapacités pour expliquer les pratiques réelles de l’État, et par conséquent, du caractère biaisé des méditions comparatives aujourd’hui en vogue, disponibles en multiples indices internationaux. On propose le concept d’« ordres d’État mixtes », inspiré du point de vue institutionnaliste de North, pour analyser les relations sociales complexes, conflictuelles et multiniveau, avec des expressions propres et différenciées dans le temps et dans l’espace, qui constituent la trame profonde de l’État.
Mots clés: Capacités de l’État, Estatalidad, État, Ordres d’État, Sociologie politique
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